Lopez, D. Films by genre, c1993: p. 163 (Juvenile Delinquency Film (Delinquent Movie, Hoodlum Drama, J. D. Film). A substantial number of youth films deal with delinquency among teenagers. These films form a group by themselves, and have been referred to as a distinct genre. Rebellious youths have figured mainly in exposé or exploitation films, in films dealing with delinquency in high schools or reform schools, in films dealing with youngsters' misdeeds or with the rivalries prevailing among street gangs competing for power or territorial rights.) p. 67 (subcategory under Crime Film: Juvenile Delinquent Films. Juvenile or young criminal heroes are found leading street gangs, rebelling against school discipline, committing petty thievery which escalates to major crimes, or they are portrayed as dope addicts, engaged in prostitution, or else incarcerated in penal institutions for the young. It is a very popular type of film, and a major branch of the youth picture as well as of the crime film.) p. 301 (subcategory under Social Consciousness Film: Juvenile Delinquent Films. Juvenile delinquency has often been the subject of the social consciousness film. Juvenile delinquent films have mostly presented the problems of the young, the slum conditions where they grew up and the reform schools they were sent to.) p. 333 (subcategory under Teen Movie: Teen-Violence Films (Teenage-Violence Movies). Another type of film in which violence thrives is the youth gang film, which mostly forms part of the juvenile delinquency genre; Youth Gang Films (Gang Films, Youth Street Films))

Yee, M. Moving image materials, 1988 (Juvenile delinquency drama. Use for fictional genre films or programs about gangs of teenagers who dabble in crime. UF Hoodlum drama, Juvenile delinquency films, Troubled youth drama. BT Teen drama. RT Crime drama, Motorcycle gang drama)