Moving image genre-form guide online, June 4, 2008 (Silhouette animation: type of animation using intricately cut-out paper figures silhouetted with backlighting. Variations of the technique use backlit sand or other materials. UF: Sand animation)

Yee, M.M. Moving image materials, 1988: p. 88 (Silhouette animation: use for animation of silhouettes, which are cut out, projected, or formed in some other manner, and then photographed with single frame exposures. UF: Flat-figure animation; Semi-object animation)

Wikipedia website, April 14, 2008 (Silhouette animation: animation in which the characters are only visible as black silhouettes. The medium was invented through a combination of shadow play and silhouette cutting by the German animator Lotte Reiniger)